COVID-19 Clinical Trials and Expanded Access

After several cases of pneumonia with an unfamiliar etiology were observed at the end of 2019, the National Health Commission of China released more details about the epidemic in early 2020. The pathogen was identified as a novel coronavirus and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as it has a phylogenetic similarity to SARS-CoV. Since then, SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious, and there has not yet been any vaccine or effective treatment that has received approval. So, the best solution for controlling the pandemic will be the simultaneous application of preventive methods, sensitive diagnostic approaches, and using current available drugs, while still developing novel treatments. Coronaviruses are enveloped, non-segmented, single positive-stranded RNA viruses with round or oval particles and a diameter of 50-200 nm. Coronavirus subfamily is divided into four genera: α, β, γ and δ according to serotype and genomic characteristics.

Description The aim of the present study is to investigate (a) changes in the levels of loneliness in the general adult population from a period of strict distancing protocols designed to impede transmission of the corona virus (T1) to a later period of lifted distancing protocols period (T2), (b) the risk and resilience factors for persistence in loneliness across these periods and (c) the associations between loneliness at T1 and changes in loneliness from T1 to T2 and changes in psychopathology symptoms from T1 to T2. An investigation of loneliness persistence in addition to its association with risk factors and the persistence of psychopathology provides a knowledge basis for employing interventions that protect the general public against increased distress and dysfunction during and after society's handling of pandemics.

COVID 19 which started from a zoonotic transmission related to crowded markets was confirmed to have a high potential for transmission to close contacts on 20 January 2020 by the National Health Commission of China and it was announced as a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020. There is currently no clinically proven specific antiviral agent available for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Supportive treatment, including oxygen therapy, conservation fluid management, and broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover secondary bacterial infection, remains the most important management strategy. Interestingly, sofosbuvir has recently been proposed as an antiviral for the SARS-CoV-2 based on the similarity between the replication mechanisms of the HCV and the coronaviruses. Aim of the study is to assess the safety and efficacy of of the addition of HCV treatment to the standard regimen for the treatment of patients who are candidates to receive Hydroxy Chloroquine according to Egyptian MOHP protocol

The aim of this study is to investigate the levels of insomnia 3 months after (T2) the strict physical distancing government initiated physical distancing protocols related to the COVID-19 pandemic (T1). The study also aims to investigate how predictors measured after and before the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with sleep problems at T2.

Telemedicine will be used as standard practice during the Covid Pandemic, in order to reduce clinician exposure to patients and potential high viral load, and reduce patient footfall in a hospital caring for Covid patients. The 3D telemedicine uses multiple cameras in the clinic room which can reconstruct an image in 3 dimensions. This may give more information about a patient's condition, particularly in more visual specialties such as Plastic Surgery. The systems have hospital approval to be used for telemedicine, all equipment is CE marked. There are no data regarding the use of 3D telemedicine, but similar studies have been performed in many fields including orthopaedic surgery using 2D telemedicine (Buvik 2016). This study aims to provide non-clinical validations of the 3D telemedicine for usability, presence, satisfaction and reliability, using healthy volunteers only.

Study description: The present study seeks to investigate factors associated with well-being in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, three months following the introduction of the strict social distancing interventions in Norway. Hypotheses and research questions: Research Question 1: What is the level of mental well-being following three months of strict mitigation strategies (i.e., physical distancing) in the general adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic? The mean level of mental well-being will be benchmarked against the mean level of mental well-being in similar pre-pandemic samples. Hypothesis 1: Physical activity, being employed, positive metacognitions, negative metacognitions, and unhelpful coping strategies at T1 will significantly predict well-being (T2). Being employed and increased reports of physical activity at T2 will predict higher levels of mental well-being at the measurement period (T2) and serve as protective factors. Increased positive metacognitions, negative metacognitions and unhelpful coping strategies measured with CAS-1 at T2 will predict lower levels of well-being (T2). Additionally, we will examine whether the obtained predictive relationships hold when depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms (GAD-7) at T2 will be controlled for. Exploratory: Do the predictors physical activity, positive metacognitions, negative metacognitions, unhelpful coping strategies, all at baseline (T1), predict mental well-being at T2, beyond and above these same aforementioned predictors at T2 and age, gender, and education? In all predictive analyses, age, gender, and education will be controlled for. Exploratory: We will exploratory investigate the differences in levels of mental well-being across different demographic subgroups in the sample.

Migrants and refugees are vulnerable subgroups in general with regards to symptoms of psychopathology. Furthermore, recent calls for paper urge investigation on current mental health status of migrants and refugees during the pandemic, as different barriers such as lack of emotional support from relatives, in addition to language barriers potentially impairing comprehension about the pandemic having the chance to increase symptoms of psychopathology such as anxiety and depression. This study seeks to investigate the levels of mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, general anxiety, and health anxiety) among immigrants and refugees in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic factors will be investigated to identify subgroups with increased risk of meeting clinically significant depression and anxiety symptoms, as established by validated cut-offs to be elaborated below. Furthermore, transdiagnostic predictors which may prove as useful intervention targets will be investigated.

This study aims to investigate the association between the use different information sources to obtain information about the COVID-19 pandemic and symptoms of psychopathology (i.e., depression and anxiety). Research Question: How central are different sources of information used to obtain knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic in network along with depressive and anxiety symptoms? Which sources of information are most strongly connected to different symptoms of depression and anxiety? Staying away from information will be measured in the present study. As avoidance is a type of safety behavior in anxiety disorders, we are further eager to investigate the centrality of this behavior in the network. Furthermore, multiple studies using latent-variable paradigms have established a relationship between sum-scores of depression and social anxiety use in general. We are further interested in examining this potential link more thoroughly and detailed in the present network study. The findings of this study, although they will be cross-sectional and require further examination in studies with temporal data structure, will be an important and interesting starting point giving initial ideas about potential mechanisms that may be involved in use of information sources in pandemics and mental health

The aim of the study is to identify symptom-level intervention targets for depression related to the COVID-19 outbreak. First, we will assess centrality indices of the network of depression symptoms plus mechanism variables derived from the metacognitive model of psychopathology measured at a period of strict social distancing protocols (T1). Then, we will examine whether change in the most central symptom and metacognitive variables are more related to overall symptom reduction from the period of strict (T1) to a period of lifted social distancing protocols (T2) three months later. On the basis of the results, interventions can be suggested that protect the general public against increased psychological suffering and dysfunction during society's handling of pandemics.

A single dose of Reference product containing 200 mg umifenovir hydrochloride monohydrate equivalent to 200 mg umifenovir hydrochloride and a single dose of Test product containing 200 mg umifenovir hydrochloride monohydrate equivalent to 200 mg umifenovir hydrochloride or vice versa; administered with 240 mL of water at room temperature, in each period under fasting conditions with Covid-19 Pandemic precautions.