COVID-19 Clinical Trials and Expanded Access

The aim of the project is to better understand the Covid-19 inpatient course of the disease and to quickly identify the positive experiences in the treatment in order to update guidelines for the treatment and use of medication.

Patients presenting to the emergency department, or needing hospitalization, for a variety of medical conditions often require non-invasive ventilation (breathing support). For example, for a person with shortness of breath as a complication of COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) the gold standard of care requires application of a BiPAP machine. However, in the current environment of COVID-19, the aerosols produced by this machine in a COVID-19 positive patient pose serious potential harms to healthcare providers and other patients. All patients with similar symptoms to COVID-19 need to be treated as positive until definite testing determines otherwise. The best test available for COVID-19 takes up to 4 hours to determine the patients status, which is too long to delay application of a BiPAP. This could lead to either a delay in care or the need for invasive breathing measures (intubation), which requires intense resource utilization, may not be in line with a patient's goals of care, and could cause serious harms (i.e. infection, medication reactions, etc.) in patients who do not need it. The use of a closed-loop BiPAP machine in which no expired air is released into the environment would solve these problems. Building off the failures of a similar approach that was trialed in Italy in response to the COVID-19 crisis, this project will develop and test a novel closed-loop BiPAP system.

Multicenter cohort of patients followed for 6 months during the pandemic in France with biocollection of sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells

COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 with a range of symptoms from mild, self-limiting respiratory tract infections to severe progressive pneumonia, multiorgan dysfunction and death. A portion of individuals with COVID-19 experience life-threatening hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Management of hypoxia in this population is complicated by contraindication of non-invasive ventilation and limitations in access to mechanical ventilation and critical care staff given the clinical burden of disease. Positional therapy is readily deployable and may ultimately be used to treat COVID-19 related respiratory failure in resources limited settings; and, it has been demonstrated to improve oxygenation and is easy to implement in the clinical setting. The overall goal of this randomized controlled trial is to establish the feasibility of performing a randomized trial using a simple, minimally invasive positional therapy approach to improve hypoxia and reduce progression to mechanical ventilation. The objectives are to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of maintaining an inclined position in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 associated hypoxemic respiratory failure. The investigators hypothesize that (1) oxyhemoglobin saturation will improve with therapy, (2) participants will tolerate and adhere to the intervention, and that (3) participants who adhere to positional therapy will have reduced rates of mechanical ventilation at 72 hours. If successful, this feasibility trial will demonstrate that a simple, readily deployed nocturnal postural maneuver is well tolerated and reverses underlying defects in ventilation and oxygenation due to COVID-19. It will also inform the design of a pivotal Phase III trial with estimates of sample sizes for clinically relevant outcomes.

Covid-19 is a recently emerging infectious disease with a very large impact on health care world-wide. The disease is still poorly described. It is an urgent need for better clinical characteristics. A prospective, quality register is therefore established for increasing the knowledge about the disease, the covid patients and the prognosis.

This study proposes to evaluate clinical outcomes and viral load in COVID-19 infected patients with early moderate and severe disease admitted to the hospital and randomized to one of three arms. Patients will be randomized to supportive care, OR hydroxychloroquine alone, OR hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.

This study is a randomized, open label clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) plus usual care compared to usual care in approximately 350 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The study will be a 2-arm, non-blinded comparison between open label hydroxychloroquine and usual care. The course of treatment (HCQ) is five days. Participants will be followed to study day 28.

To create a protocol for treatment of Pakistani patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with an intent to reduce burden on institutional healthcare services by determining efficacy of different quinone drug dosing regimens in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection for asymptomatic patients.

The 2019 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID 19), which originated in Wuhan, China, has become a major concern all over the world. Convalescent plasma or immunoglobulins have been used as a last resort to improve the survival rate of patients with SARS whose condition continued to deteriorate despite any attempted treatment.. Moreover, several studies showed a shorter hospital stay and lower mortality in patients treated with convalescent plasma than those who were not treated with convalescent plasma. Evidence shows that convalescent plasma from patients who have recovered from viral infections can be used effectively as a treatment of patients with active disease. The use of solutions enriched of antiviral antibodies has several important advantages over the convalescent plasma including the high level of neutralizing antibodies supplied. Plasma-exchange is expensive and requires large volumes of substitution fluid. Albumin is better tolerated and less expensive, but exchanges using albumin solutions increase the risk of bleeding because of progressive coagulation factor depletion. With either albumin or fresh frozen plasma, increasing the risk of cardiovascular instability in the plasma donor and in the recipient, which can be detrimental in a critically ill patient with COVID 19 pneumonia. The aforementioned limitations of plasma therapy can be overcome by using selective apheresis methods, such as double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP).DFPP is a modality of plasma purification that performs an initial plasma separation from blood, and the subsequent separation of specific molecules, on the basis of their specific molecular weight (cut-off), by using a fractionation filter. The Fractionation Filter 2A20, because of its membrane sieving cut-off, retains larger molecules and returns plasma along with smaller molecules to the circulation, including the major part of the albumin. The selection of the membrane 2A20 is related to the appropriate Sieving Coefficient for IgG that allows to efficiently collect antibodies from patients which are recovered from COVID-19, with negligible fluid losses and limited removal of albumin. The total amount of antibodies obtained during one DFPP session exceeds by three to four times the total amount provided to recipients with one unit of plasma obtained during one plasma-exchange session from one COVID-19 convalescent donor. This should result in more effective viral inhibition and larger benefit for the patient achieved with one unit of enriched immunoglobulin solution obtained with DFPP than with one unit of plasma obtained with plasma exchange. These observations provide the background for a pilot study aimed to explore whether the infusion of antibodies obtained with one single DFPP procedure from voluntary convalescent donors could offer an effective and safe therapeutic option for critically ill patients with severe coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation.

The infection caused by COVID19 worldwide makes it necessary to monitor drugs administered for the treatment of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2. In order to know more about the efficacy and safety of the treatments used, researchers from the Cantabrian health service have developed an observational study, in the form of an ambispective registry, in which clinical data from patients treated with the different drugs currently recommended by the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Health Products (SAMHP) and the Ministry of Health, or others that may arise, are collected and analyzed. Although the conduct of clinical trials is a priority at this time, we cannot lose the clinical experience that is currently being generated, which may allow us to improve the therapeutic strategies for future patients.