The COVID-19 pandemic is of grave concern due its impact on human health and on the economy. Propolis, a natural resin produced by bees from plant materials, has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant properties, and various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism are potential targets for propolis compounds. Propolis components have inhibitory effects on the ACE2, TMPRSS2 and PAK1 signaling pathways; in addition, antiviral activity has been proven in vitro and in vivo. This is a pilot randomized study that aims to assess the impact of using Brazilian green propolis extract against the deleterious effects of the new coronavirus.
Drug: Brazilian Green Propolis Extract (EPP-AF)
Green propolis extract (EPP-AF) administered orally or via nasoenteral tube.
Other Name: Standard care
Other: Standard care
Standard treatment includes, as needed, supplemental oxygen (non-invasive and invasive), antibiotics or antivirals, corticosteroids, vasopressor support, renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Inclusion Criteria:
- Hospitalized patients;
- Positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2;
- 18 Years and older.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnant women;
- People with active cancer;
- Patients undergoing transplantation of solid organs or bone marrow or who use
immunosuppressive medications;
- HIV carriers;
- Allergy to propolis or any of its components;
- Bacterial infection at randomization;
- Sepsis or septic shock before randomization;
- Patients unable to use medication orally or via nasoenteral tube;
- Patients with severe chronic liver disease (Child B or C);
- Patients with advanced heart failure;
Hospital Sao Rafael
Salvador, BA, Brazil
Marcelo Silveira, MD, PhD, Principal Investigator
D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR)