STAND UP to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Using Behavioural Economics to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in At-home Office Workers

Regardless of group assignment, participants will receive the same three-minute educational
video at the beginning (week 1) and halfway through (week 3) the intervention. Each group
will also receive two weekly sedentary behaviour reduction strategies that align with the
concept of "moving more often".

Participants will be initially randomized into the no choice strategy assignment or choice of
strategy assignment groups, then immediately randomized into one of three choice structure
conditions. The strategy assignment groups (no choice and choice) will receive two
individually randomized (out of the ten "move more" strategies (see Table 2) each week. The
two assigned strategies will be randomized to the participant each week; therefore,
strategies may or may not change week to week. When presented with the two strategies, the
Qualtrics program will state: "These will be your two move more strategies (click next to
acknowledge you have seen your strategies)", followed by two multiple choice styled
strategies. Regardless of if the person decides to click the boxes beside the strategies or
clicks "next", the strategies will be inserted into the one of the three choice structure
statements. Those randomized into the "choice of strategy assignment" group will be asked in
their baseline questionnaire whether or not they: "prefer to choose and manage their own
sitting reduction strategies from a list of expert recommended strategies OR prefer to be
assigned with two strategies every week from a list of expert recommended strategies". Those
opting to be assigned strategies ("Choice Strategy Assignment" group) will be assigned two
random strategies, just like the "No Choice Strategy Assignment" group; however, they remain
different from the "No Choice Strategy Assignment" group because they were given and chose
the option to be given strategies. Those selecting to choose and manage their own strategies
"Choice Strategy Self-Selection" group will be presented the same ten strategies each week,
in random order, and will have the option to choose two strategies. The strategies can remain
the same or change from week to week.

As mentioned, participants will be randomly assigned to one of three choice structure
conditions: opt-in, Active Choice or Enhanced Active Choice. All three messages will contain
the following introduction: "As you now know, breaking up your sitting every 45 minutes with
2-3 minutes of light activity can significantly reduce negative health risks associated with
prolonged sitting." This message will end with one of the three choice structures.

In the opt-in condition they will be asked to "Place a check in the box [agree] if you will
breakup your sitting throughout your work hours by [strategy] this week". The strategy
statement is followed up by; OR, click the next button at the bottom." Within the opt-in
condition, the default is to not participate (by clicking "next"); participants are not
required to explicitly state they do not want to do the strategy.

In the Active choice condition, participants will be required to either, "Place a check in
one box: I will break up my sitting throughout my work hours by [strategy] this week or, I
will not break up my sitting throughout my work hours by [strategy] this week".

In the Enhanced Active Choice condition, participants will to required to choose between two
alternatives: "I will break up my sitting throughout my work hours this week by [strategy] to
reduce my risk of diabetes, mental health issues and other detrimental health outcomes and I
want to win the eGiftcard or, I will not break up my sitting time during my work hours by
[strategy] this week even if it means I increase my risk of developing diabetes, mental
health issues and other detrimental health outcomes and I don't care about winning an
eGiftcard"

Assigned or self-selected strategies (depending initial group assignment) will be sent in a
reminder email on the Wednesday morning of each week and participants will be instructed to
self-report their sedentary behaviour patterns on the Friday of each week.

An "interested" participant will email research personal with their initial "interest" in
which the research personnel will respond by sending them the baseline questionnaire along
with their unique ID code to access it in SoSci. Participants baseline questionnaires will be
randomized to be either, a) assignment of choice strategies or b) choice of assignment vs
self-management of choice strategies. Those assigned to the "Choice of Assigned Strategies"
condition will have an additional question presenting them with the option of having
strategies assigned to them or the option to choose and manage their own strategies. The LOI
will be the first page of the questionnaire for them to review, and at the bottom will state,
"Clicking on the "agree" button below indicates that you have read the above information, you
voluntarily agree to participate and you are at least 18 years of age. If you do not wish to
participate in the research study, please decline participation by clicking on the "disagree"
button and simply exit the browser." Upon completion of the baseline questionnaire,
participants will be emailed a PDF version of the LOI/informed consent, and will be asked to
sign (digitally) the form and email it back to research personnel. Once consent is received,
participants will be randomized into one of 3 choice structure conditions (Opt-in Choice OR
Active Choice OR Enhanced Active Choice).

The activPAL will be sent by courier (i.e. FedEx) and participants will receive another email
with detailed instructions of how to apply the device [i.e. applied to the mid-thigh using
Tegaderm (3M)] along with how to contact investigators upon any issues with application.
Participants will be instructed to apply the device on Sunday evening (if possible) and to
wear the device all day for a period of 5 working days (Monday to Friday). Once participants
complete the device measured baseline assessment, they will place the device back in the
package it came in, and using pre-paid postage, the device will be picked up (via courier)
and they will then be randomized into one of the three experimental conditions preceding the
intervention period. Strategies will be pre-randomized for each condition from the longlist
group.

Intervention Week 1. On day one of the intervention (Monday), participants will receive an
email containing, 1) a link to watch a 3-minute whiteboard-styled educational video about
sedentary behaviour (i.e. health consequences, benefits of breaking up or reducing sedentary
behaviour, sedentary behaviour in relation to productivity and mood etc.) and 2) another link
that will lead them to a short questionnaire assessing knowledge on sedentary behaviour
(fidelity check) as well as their behavioural strategies (different based on the condition
assignment; as described earlier). Wednesday morning, they will receive an email reminding
them of their strategies. On the last day of the same workweek (Friday), participants will be
prompted (via email) with a link (Soci) to self-report their sitting habits (i.e. break
frequency and break duration).

Intervention Week 2. On the Monday of week 2, participants will again be assigned or asked to
choose their strategies via email (depending on group allocation) for that week and will
again receive an email Wednesday morning reminding them of their chosen/assigned strategies.
They will again be asked to self-report their sitting habits (via link sent through email)
(i.e. break frequency and break duration) on the last day of the week (Friday).

Intervention Week 3. On the Monday of Week 3, strategies will reset as earlier described for
each condition. However, for this week, the participants will be reminded of the video they
watched at the beginning of the intervention and be asked to re-watch the same video. In line
with the same protocol described in the earlier weeks, a reminder email will be sent on
Wednesday morning and self-reported sitting habits will be measured at the end of the week.

Intervention Week 4. Week four of the intervention will be the final week. Again, strategies
will reset for all conditions as previously described. Participants again, will wear the
activPAL4's (delivered via FedEx) for a total of five days (Monday to Friday). This will
serve as the follow-up objectively (device) measured sedentary behaviour measurement. The
participants will receive the same reminder email as previous weeks. This last week, however,
the Friday questionnaire will include all secondary outcomes that were initially assessed at
baseline along with a short exit survey asking about participant satisfaction with the
intervention.

Follow Up. Follow-up will occur two weeks post-intervention. Participants will recomplete all
secondary outcomes that were initially assessed at baseline (with exception to the activPAL
measurements).