Neuro-COVID-19: Neurological Complications of COVID-19

This study is a prospective observational cohort study to document prevalence and severity of
neurological symptoms among patients requiring critical care admission for confirmed novel
coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 is classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome 2
(SARS-CoV-2) and shares significant structural and biological similarities with SARS-CoV,
which has neuroinvasive properties and brainstem involvement. Early reports of COVID-19
progression indicate presence of severe neurological complications, including seizures, coma,
encephalitis, and cerebrovascular events including ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage,
and cerebral venous sinus thromboses. In addition, recent data from Zika-virus and H1N1
influenza pandemics reveal a high incidence of neurological complications, including Guillain
Barré syndrome and neonatal microcephaly for Zika-virus and narcolepsy with H1N1 infections.
Early reports from China suggest neurological symptoms may occur in approximately 36% of
SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, with increased prevalence among more severe cases, and fall
into three categories: central nervous system symptoms or diseases, peripheral nervous system
symptoms, and skeletal muscular symptoms. However, the exact prevalence of these conditions
and impact on patient disease severity and outcomes is unknown. As the incidence and severity
of COVID-19 infection continues to rapidly rise on an international level, it is imperative
to capture prospective data to accurately document prevalence, severity and clinical
characterization of neurological components of COVID-19, the influence of treatment regimens
of neurological complications, and role of these confounders on patient and organizational
outcomes.