Facing the challenge of finding an efficient treatment for COVID-19, the viral pneumonia caused by the Coronavirus SARS-Cov-2, this study intended to test if Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine, two drugs with strong in-vitro antiviral role proven by numerous studies and with a well defined safety profile established, for efficacy in treating COVID-19 and improving an ordinal primary outcome composed by a 9-levels scale, which was recomended by the World Health Organization.
This is a Phase 3, Pragmatic, Multicentric Randomized Controled Trial of efficacy to test the
effect of either Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine for 5 days in the recomended dose
standardized by brazilian Ministry of Health.
Patients were randomized (1:1) using stratified randomization by hospital and severity at the
moment of randomization (stipulated by use of mechanical ventilation or not) into two arms:
Intervention and Control. Intervention group recieved a loading dose of 900mg of Chloroquine
or 800mg of Hydroxycloroquine in the first day, followed by 450mg of chloroquine of 400mg of
hydroxychloroquine. Primary and secondary outcomes were evaluated on the 5th, 7th, 10th,
14th, 28th day after randomization.
Although the outcomes presented in the latest version were updated late on
ClinicalTrials.org, on October 23, 2020, these outcomes were already present in the trial
protocol approved by the Brazilian National Commission for Ethics in Research on April 8,
2020 (approval number: 3960331) and amending the protocol, approved by the same National
Commission on May 25, 2020 (approval number: 4044848)
Drug: Chloroquine
5 days of treatment with Chloroquine + Standard Care
Drug: Hydroxychloroquine
5 days of treatment with Hydroxychloroquine + Standard Care
Other: standard care
Standard Care according to Brazilian Guidelines for treating COVID-19
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult Males and non-pregnant females that accept and sign the informed consent.
- Hospitalized with COVID-19 suspection that has collected the confirmatory test
- To have at least one of thes symptoms: Fever, coughing, throat ache or runny nose.
- To have at least one of these findings: radiological findings that indicates COVID-10
(bilatareal ground grass images); O2 saturation lower than 94% without supplementation
and crackles in lung auscultation; Need of O2 supplementation; Need of Mechanical
Ventilation.
- Female patients must also agree to use efficient counterceptive methods during the
evaluation period.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients with psoriasis or other exfoliative disease, porphyria, epilepsy, myasthenia
gravis, advanced liver failure or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
- ALT / AST> 5 times the upper limit of normal.
- Severe chronic kidney disease in stage 4 or requiring dialysis (ie, eGFR <30).
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Early transfer to another hospital that is not a study site within 72 hours.
- Severe heart disease and / or a history of cardiac arrhythmia.
- Allergy to Chloroquine and / or Hydroxychloroquine.
Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Emergencias Clinicas e Terapia Intensiva
Curitiba, Parana, Brazil