The aim of the present study is to examine whether cerebral oxygenation could be a more useful parameter than peripheral oxygen saturation to guide clinical titration of permissive hypoxemia in COVID-19 ARDS patients
Mechanical ventilation is the cornerstone of supportive management for most ARDS patients to
prevent life-threatening hypoxemia. Arterial oxygenation can be improved via ventilator by
increasing fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) and/or increasing mean airway pressure. When
treating mechanically ventilated ARDS patients, the benefit of improved arterial oxygenation
must be balanced against the potential risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), oxygen
toxicity occurring with high FiO2 and development of right heart failure.
Arterial oxygen saturation target of 88-95 % and partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) target of
7.3-10.6 are advocated in the management of patients with ARDS. Surprisingly little
randomized evidence exists to support these values and current recommendations are thus
arbitrary and largely based on normal physiologic values.
Given the lack of evidence of strategies in oxygenating critically ill patients to an oxygen
saturation and partial oxygen pressure that is generally accepted to be 'normal,' permissive
hypoxemia may offer an alternative that has the potential to improve patient outcomes by
avoiding unnecessary harm. Permissive hypoxemia is a concept in which a lower level of
arterial oxygenation than usual is accepted in order to avoid the potentially detrimental
effects of high fractional inspired oxygen and invasive mechanical ventilation with high
pressures, while maintaining adequate oxygen delivery by optimizing cardiac output.
Pulse oximetry is a simple, non-invasive and universally used method to monitor peripheral
oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in a variety of clinical settings. Pulse oximetry depends on
pulsatile blood flow and only measures the oxyhemoglobin in arterial blood as it leaves the
heart. However, this measure does not provide information regarding organ or tissue
oxygenation, which reflects the important local balance between oxygen supply and demand.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows for continuous measurement of regional tissue
oxygenation which reflects perfusion status and enables clinicians to directly monitor
fluctuations in real time. NIRS reflects the balance of oxygen that is delivered minus what
is extracted at tissue level and is an indicator of the tissue oxygen uptake.
Device: Masimo, LidCO
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), pulse oxymetry (saturation), continous hemoglobine, peripheral perfusion index (PPI) as measured with Massimo
Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) as measured with LiDCO
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age ≥ 18 years
- Verified COVID-19 infection (throat swab or tracheal aspirate positive for SARS-CoV-2)
- Severe ARDS according to Berlin definition
- Ventilator settings: Controlled IPPV, FiO2 > 0.70, PEEP > 10
- Norepinephrine infusion
- SVV < 10% measured by LiDCO
- RASS - 5
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any of the following contraindications to lung recruitment: pneumothorax, patients on
ventilator > 1 week
- Patients with dark pigmented skin
Hvidovre Hospital
Copenhagen, Denmark
Investigator: Ana-Marija Hristovska, MD
Ana-Marija Hristovska, MD, Ph.d.-student
+4538625532
ana-marija.hristovska.02@regionh.dk