Pharmacological therapies of proven efficacy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still lacking. Since two clinical stages of COVID-19 are emerging, an early one with typical clinical characteristics of a viral infection (fever, malaise, cough) and a later one with pneumonia leading to progressive respiratory failure, associated with heavy, cytokine-mediated, inflammation, an intervention by a compound possessing both antiviral activity and immunomodulatory effects would be most effective at the earliest possible stage. The purpose of this clinical trial is to test the efficacy of Interferon-β-1a (IFNβ-1a), in COVID-19 patients in an open label, randomized clinical trial. The design of the study is to test IFNβ-1a in addition to standard of care compared with standard of care alone. The primary outcome is the time to negative conversion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) nasopharyngeal swabs.
Drug: Interferon-ß-1a
IFNβ-1a will be administered subcutaneously at a dose of 44 mcg (equivalent to 12 million international units), three times per week at least 48 hours apart, for a total of two weeks. All patients will receive a total dose of 264 mcg (72 million international units) under physician control
Other Name: IFNß-1a
Combination Product: Standard of Care (SOC)
Any pharmacological (e.g. antibiotics, etc.) and non-pharmacological (e.g. oxygen, ventilation, etc.) treatments prescribed on clinical grounds
Other Name: SOC
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Informed consent signed
2. Patients hospitalized with confirmed swab RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2
3. X-ray and/or CT diagnosed pneumonia
4. Age >=18 years
5. Clinical status defined as 3, 4 or 5 on the 7-point ordinal scale
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Known allergy or hypersensitivity to IFNß-1a or IFNß-1b
2. Presence of severe concomitant illnesses/medical conditions that in the physician
opinion do not allow participation to the study
3. Pregnant or lactating females
4. History of major depression disorder or suicidal attempt or suicidal ideation
5. Spontaneous blood alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) levels
> 5 times the upper limit of normal
6. Clinical status defined as 1, 2, or 6 on the 7-point ordinal scale
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
Milano, Italy
Emanuele Bosi, Professor, Principal Investigator
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele