In the ER of National Taiwan University Hospital, the critical patients are treated (including tracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation) in either resuscitation area or negative pressure isolation rooms based on the past history and present illness. During COVID-19 epidemic, whether sequential changes in environmental and personal protective equipment would change the difference of treatment efficacy and patient safety remains unclear. Whether treating patients in resuscitation area or negative pressure isolation room would cause different physical and psychological stress of medical staff and environmental contamination is also unknown. This study aims to conduct a prospective sequential allocation clinical trial to investigate the success rate, patient safety, physical and psychological stress of medical staff, and the risk of environmental contamination of tracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation between the resuscitation area and negative pressure isolation room. The results of the study may be used to improve the protocol and protective policy in treating critical patients during an epidemic.
The critical care of patients with an emergency has always been the clinical challenge to the
medical staff in the emergency room (ER). The emergency includes sudden cardiac arrest,
respiratory failure, acute conscious change, cardiovascular emergency, sepsis, etc. How to
treat these patients appropriately and immediately is an important issue, which may change
the disease process and prognosis, and save the life.
Owing to the epidemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), several changes in the
environmental and personal protective equipment have been made in the ER when treating
critical patients. The doctor and nurses need to wear individual protective equipment
including Level C protective clothing, goggles, N95 mask, surgical mask, guard panel, hair
cap, and double-layered gloves to prevent infectious droplet during tracheal intubation.
However, the protective equipment may limit the movement and obstruct the vision and thus
result in response delays, difficult intubation, and prolong hand-off period during
cardiopulmonary resuscitation. On the other hand, wearing N95 mask, surgical mask and guard
panel may impair the communication. Additionally, the medical staff may not have enough time
to wear the protective equipment during emergency events, and therefore suffer from a higher
risk of infection, which may consequently cause a certain level of psychological stress.
This study aims to conduct a prospective sequential allocation clinical trial to investigate
the success rate, patient safety, physical and psychological stress of medical staff, and the
risk of environmental contamination of tracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
between the resuscitation area and negative pressure isolation room. The results of the study
may be used to improve the protocol and protective policy in treating critical patients
during an epidemic.
Procedure: Tracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Critical patients at the emergency room who require tracheal intubation and/or cardiopulmonary resuscitation will be sequentially allocated to either the resuscitation area or negative pressure isolation room for treatment by the designated medical staff wearing personal protective equipment.
Inclusion Criteria for Critical Care Patients:
- showing respiratory distress
- require airway protection
- EOC notified of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Exclusion Criteria for Critical Care Patients:
- age less than 20 years old
- pregnant
- in-hospital cardiac arrest in patients prior to intubation
- confirmed cases of covid-19 prior to intubation
- patient or patient's family refuses the procedure
Inclusion Criteria for Medical Staff:
- staff who attended index intubation or resuscitation are encouraged to answer the
survey form
Exclusion Criteria for Medical Staff:
- none
National Taiwan University Hospital
Taipei, Taiwan
Min-Shan Tsai, MD, PhD, Principal Investigator
National Taiwan University Hospital